Pug

Pug

General

Pugs belong to what one can call a toy or small dog breed. They are also known by the names of Chinese Pug, Pug dog, Mopshond, Carlin, and Dutch Mastiffs. Generally a male Pug reaches the height of about 14 inches while the maximum height a female can reach is 30 centimetres. Pugs weigh around 8 kilograms. It has a flat muzzle and a large head. It is also quite stocky in appearance and has large eyes. These large eyes are also pretty dark in color. Its face has wrinkles. The outer parts of the wrinkles are lighter in color than the inner parts. Pugs are available in various colors, which include, black, apricot, fawn, and silver. They can live till the age of 15 years. These dogs have a wide rib and a curled tail. Some Pugs have two curls in their tails. Their ears are quite thin and are shaped like rose or button.

Coat

Pugs have double coats covered in short and small hairs. The coat is quite soft and glossy by nature. Pugs shed their coat all round the year. However, the shedding will depend on the coat type. Fawn colored coats shed more than any other color.

History

According to popular belief, the origin of Pugs date back before the birth of Christ and prior to 400 BC. However, researchers agree that this dog breed was first seen in Asia, especially in China. This dog was a favorite of the kings of the ruling Shang Dynasty. They were called “Lo-Chiang-Sze” or “Foo”. Even Confucius has noted the presence of this breed in his writings. This breed then gained popularity in other Asian countries like Tibet and Japan, before finally winning the hearts of Europeans.

It is through the merchants of the Dutch East India Company that Europe was acquainted with Pug during the 15^th and 16^th centuries. This dog became a rage in Holland and got the place of the official dog in the House of Orange. In 1572, a Pug by the name of Pompey prevented an assassination bid on the Prince of Orange by barking.

It was with William III and Mary II that this breed cam to England in the year 1688. Breeding the Pug with King Charles Spaniel created the modern English King Charles Spaniel. This modern breed too has some Pug like characteristics.

Pugs could also be seen in paintings of Goya in Spain and in the Italian paintings. It is around the18th century that Pugs came to France. Napoleon Bonaparte’s wife Josephine too had a Pug named Fortune. She used the dog for sending letters to her husband during her prison days.

English Painter William Hogarth painted a self portrait that also featured his pet Pug, Trump. This painting can be seen in the Tate Gallery in London.

Even Queen Victoria took a liking towards Pugs. She bred a few Pugs herself. These Pugs were named Olga, Fatima, Venus, Pedro, and Minka.

The USA welcomed this breed in the 19^th century. Pugs have won various dog shows. The various clubs that accept Pugs include American Kennel Club or AKC among others. 

Temperament

Pugs are jovial, happy, and friendly dogs. However, these dogs have a strong personality, which can often turn towards being stubborn. This stubbornness can be won over by good training. They are best fit for indoors and would love your company. Since an unhappy Pug is no fun, you will need to keep an eye on its health and diet.

Pugs are keen to learn and intelligent by nature. They can fill your life with fun and laughter. Having a Pug around can uplift your mood, no matter how down you may feel. Pugs can easily get along with other dogs and pets. They can be good guards and protect your property well. Pugs are not at all aggressive and can be very good for homes having children.

It is seen that while the males have a more happy-go-lucky attitude, the females are more observant and alert. They can also be quite mischievous. However, their self-confidence is worth a mention.

You may not hear the bark of a Pug that often because a large part of its mouth is often hidden by nostrils or wrinkles. However, they will let you know whenever there is a stranger around as they get pretty curious about strangers.

Health

The major health issue that a Pug suffers includes Pug Dog Encephalitis (PDE). This brain inflammation generally affects adolescent Pugs, especially those who are around two to three years old. Due to its short height, a Pug is quite vulnerable to eye injuries. Apart from these ailments, Pugs are also quite sensitive to hot and cold weather. You should give adequate protection to your dog during the weather change and avoid too much of outdoor exposure.

Pugs often suffer from obesity. In case they love a particular dish, they can overeat. You should keep a tab on their diet. Know what food your Pug needs and of what quantity. You should feed it the exact amount that’s necessary for its health. You should also take good care of its teeth. Remember - regular brushing is a must for your pet.

Sometimes Pugs may also have bouts of epilepsy. Many people think that this is related to PDE, which is wrong.

You should also find out if your Pug has any kind of allergies. These allergies are usually displayed by symptoms like sneezing, running nose and teary eyes. Take it to a good veterinarian and he or she may suggest some medicines or let you know if the dog needs any dietary changes.

It is also true that Pugs have snoring issues. This is specifically caused because of their short nostrils. Your Pug may need a surgery around the respiratory tract in such cases. However, always consult a vet for the right solution.

In case you dog is suffering from cold, make sure to adjust the length of its exercise session. You may even let it heal and then resume the same.

Grooming

Though a Pug has short hairs, it sheds a lot. Be prepared for this if you are about to buy a Pug. Pugs have double coat. The undercoat has softer and straighter hair than the upper coat. Generally, the hair on the upper coat is longer than those of the under coat. It is quite easy to take care of this coat. Take a brush with firm bristles and indulge your pet in a good brushing session. Shampoo a Pug when it is absolutely necessary. Make sure that you dry the dog so that it does not catch cold. The face wrinkles should also be cared for on a regular basis. Since without regular care, these wrinkles can create health problems, you should clean them every day.

Exercise

Though a Pug needs regular exercise, you should take care that they do not become too stressed out. Pug is not a dog fit for the outdoors. So, take it out for light exercises. Walking and a few games are enough to keep it fit. While walking, make sure that the dog follows you rather than the other way round. This way, it will also learn to follow you. Regular walking and other exercises will keep its leg muscles well toned and strong. While exercising your Pug, pay attention to its breathing and stop as soon as it gets uneven.

You should also take good care about the temperature of the exercise area. It should not exceed 70 degrees Fahrenheit. You should never forget the vulnerability of the dog in cold and hot climates.

You will not need to create a separate yard for your Pug. Just make sure that it has a comfortable weather to live in.

Training

Pugs are intelligent dogs and are easy to train. However, they need a trainer or a master who is patient, gentle as well as confident. Pugs will easily guess if you lack confidence. If this happens, you will find it difficult to make them listen to you. However, well trained Pugs can also win you dog shows. It is due to its enthusiasm for learning that a Pug can easily learn new tricks.

Pugs like to impress their master and are also very good learners. They will learn the commands very quickly. However, you must never lose patience in case they take time to repeat their good behavior. You should encourage them through praise.

Make sure that you start training your Pug from an early age. Start with the basic commands. Learning the basic commands solves a lot of behavioral issues of the dog. Potty training should also be given when the Pug is young.

You should let your dog know about the acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. Train it in such a way that it has a clear understanding about its territory. Otherwise, it may create complications by showing too much of protective behavior towards any particular furniture for which it may have developed a feeling of possession.

Don’t be harsh on your Pug. It will surely respond to a firm and loving master. Just give it some time to get adjusted to its training schedule. It helps to begin the training of your Pug as early as possible.

Life Expectancy

12-13 Years

Height and Weight

25 - 28 cm in height and 6.5 - 8 Kg in weight. Males and females are generally the same size.   

 

Collie

collie

General

The collie is a distinctive type of herding dog, including many related landraces and formal breeds. It originates in Scotland and Northern England. It is a medium-sized, fairly lightly built dog with a pointed snout, and many types have a distinctive white pattern over the shoulders. Collies are very active and agile, and most types have a very strong herding instinct. The collie type has spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America) and has diversified into many varieties, sometimes with mixture from other dog types. Some of the collie types have remained as working dogs, used for herding cattle, sheep and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability.

Collie dogs originated from Scotland, it is said that these dogs are used as guard sheep. Collie dogs has good flexibility, it is also known as the dog is very obedient, gentle, eager to work and easily trained, but occasionally it can be a bit stubborn. Has a running speed that can be relied upon.

Size 

  Collies are generally medium-sized dogs of about 10 to 25 kg and shoulder height : 22 – 24 inches.

Coat 

  There are two types of coats for collie dogs : rough or smooth.

Colour 

  Types vary in colouration : acceptable colors are sable and white, tricolor, blue merle, black, black-and-tan, red, red-and-tan.

Appearance

Collies are generally medium-sized dogs of about 10 to 25 kg (22 to 55 lb), fairly lightly built with a pointed snout and erect or partly erect ears, giving a foxy impression. Cattle-herding types tend to be rather more stocky. The fur may be short, flat, or long, and the tail may be smooth, feathered, or bushy. Collies have a moderately long tail, with the end of the bone reaching to the hock or joint below. When the dog is quiet, then the tail is low, and has a upward swirl or twist. When the dog is in a gait, or when the dog is excited, then the tail is carried gaily but not over the back. Types vary in colouration, with the usual base colours being black, black-and-tan, red, red-and-tan, or sable. Many types have white along with the main colour, usually under the belly and chest, over the shoulders, and on parts of the face and legs, but sometimes leaving only the head coloured – or white may be absent or limited to the chest and toes (as in the Australian Kelpie). Merle colouration may also be present over any of the other colour combinations, even in landrace types. The most widespread patterns in many types are black-and-white or tricolour (black-and-tan and white).

Temperament

 

For Working types

Working collies are extremely energetic and agile dogs with great stamina, able to run all day without tiring, even over very rough or steep ground. Working collies are of excellent working/obedience intelligence, and are instinctively highly motivated to work. They are often intensely loyal. Dogs of collie type or derivation occupy four of the first sixteen ranks in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, with the Border Collie being first. These characteristics generally make working strains unsuitable as pets, as few owners are able to give them the mental and physical challenges they need and, if not well fulfilled, they may become unhappy and badly behaved. However, in addition to herding work they are well suited to active sports such as sheepdog trials, flyball, disc dog and dog agility. Working strains have strong herding instincts, and some individuals can be single-minded to the point of obsessiveness. Collies can compete in herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Collies exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.

 

 

For Show and pet types

Certain types of collie (for example Rough Collies, Smooth Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs and some strains of Border Collie and other breeds) have been bred for many generations as pets and for the sport of conformation showing, not as herding dogs. These types have proved to be highly trainable, gentle, loyal, intelligent, and well suited as pets. Their gentleness and devotion also make them quite compatible with children. They are often more suitable as companions than as watch dogs, though the individual personalities of these dogs vary. The temperament of these breeds has been featured in literature, film, and popular television programes. The novels of Albert Payson Terhune celebrated the temperament and companionship of collies and were very popular in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s. More famously, the temperament and intelligence of the Rough Collie was exaggerated to mythic proportions in the character Lassie, which has been the subject of many films, books, and television shows from 1938 to the present.

Health

Some collie breeds (especially the Rough Collie and the Smooth Collie) are affected by a genetic defect, a mutation within the MDR1 gene. Affected dogs are very sensitive to some drugs, such as Ivermectin, as well as to some antibiotics, opioids and steroids – over 100 drugs in total. Affected dogs also show a lower cortisol concentration than normal. The Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen (The German Kennel Club) encourages breed clubs to test all breeding stock and avoid breeding from affected dogs.

A genetic disorder in collies is canine cyclic neutropenia, or Grey Collie Syndrome. This is a stem cell disorder. Puppies with this disorder are quite often mistaken as healthy Blue Merles, even though their colour is a silver grey. Affected puppies rarely live more than 6 months of age. For a puppy to be affected, both the sire and the dam have to be carriers of the disorder.

Great Dane

Great Dane

General
 

Great Dane , also known as German Mastiff  or Danish Hound , is a breed of domestic dog ( known for its giant size. The Great Dane is one of the world's tallest dog breeds; the current world record holder, measuring 109 cm (43 in) from paw to shoulder; 220 cm (7.2 ft) from head to tail.

The Great Dane is a breed of dog known for its large size (giant) and gentle personality. Great Danes used to be feisty and aggressive fighters, but today the breed is commonly referred to as the "Gentle Giant". This transformation became possible through careful selective breeding. Typically they are smart, strong dogs who are protective and loyal to their owners. They take to training well and are fairly low maintenance compared to many other breeds.

Multiple historical documents suggest that dogs similar to modern Great Danes were known over 2000 years ago and were used to hunt wild boar and also bring down other wild animals such as wolves and elk. The modern Great Dane breed as we know it today was developed in Germany in the 19th century. The name was derived from its French name, Grand Danois (Big Danish). The Great Dane is the tallest of the working breeds and stands 28 to 32 inches and weighs 100 to 137 pounds. He is known for his courage, boldness, endurance and friendliness. Although Great Danes look intimidating because of their massive size and weight, they are very easy-going and gentle with family members including children and have proved to be devoted and loyal companions. Great Danes are not tolerant of cold weather. They are big droolers.

History

According to Barbara Stein, "The breed originated in Germany, probably from a cross between the English mastiff and the Irish Wolfhound." However, other sources maintain that the breed originated in Denmark and still others report the question as controversial and unsettled. In 1749 Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon used the name "le Grand Danois," (translated by William Smellie as "Great Dane"). Up until that time the hound was referred to in England as "Danish dog." According to Jacob Nicolay Wilse the Danes called the dog "large hound," a terminology continued well in to the 20th century. As late as in the 1780 Germany the hound is referred to as "Grosser Dänischer Jagdhund" (English: Large Danish Hunting Hound). At the first dog exhibition, held in Hamburg 14–20 July 1863, eight dogs were called "Dänische Dogge" and seven "Ulmer Doggen."

Appearance

As described by the American Kennel Club, "The Great Dane combines, in its regal appearance, dignity, strength and elegance with great size and a powerful, well-formed, smoothly muscled body. It is one of the giant working breeds, but is unique in that its general conformation must be so well balanced that it never appears clumsy, and shall move with a long reach and powerful drive." The Great Dane is a short haired breed with a strong galloping figure. In the ratio between length and height, the Great Dane should be square. The male dog should not be less than 30 in (76 cm) at the shoulders, a female 28 in (71 cm). Danes under minimum height are disqualified.

From year to year, the tallest living dog is typically a Great Dane. Previous record holders include Gibson and Titan, however the current record holder is a blue Great Dane named Giant George who stands 43 in (110 cm) at the shoulder. He is also the tallest dog on record (according Guinness World Records), beating the previous holder who was a brindle Great Dane named Shamgret Danzas, who stood 42.5 in (108 cm) at the shoulder.

The minimum weight for a Great Dane over eighteen months is 120 lb (54 kg) for males, 100 lb (45 kg) for females.Unusually, the American Kennel Club dropped the minimum weight requirement from its standard.The male should appear more massive throughout than the female, with a larger frame and heavier bone.

Temperament

The Great Dane's large and imposing appearance belies its friendly nature; the breed is often referred to as a gentle giant. Great Danes are generally well-disposed toward other dogs, other non-canine pets, and humans. They generally do not exhibit a high prey drive. The Great Dane is a very gentle and loving animal with proper care and training. They are also very needy. Some may find them frightening because of their huge structure and loud bark, but they generally have no intention of harming people.They also are very protective.

 

Exercise

Like most dogs, Great Danes require daily walks to remain healthy. However it is important not to over exercise this breed, particularly when young. Great Dane puppies grow very large, very fast, which puts them at risk of joint and bone problems. Because of a puppy's natural energy, Dane owners often take steps to minimize activity while the dog is still growing.
Given their large size, Great Danes continue to grow (mostly gaining weight) longer than most dogs. Even at one year of age a Great Dane will continue to grow for several more months.
Great Danes are prone to bloat. Bloat is a serious condition which can be fatal if not treated almost immediately. It can compromise the stomach, spleen and other organs. There is conflicting information about how the condition is caused. It is often suggested that Great Danes be fed at an elevated level to prevent bloat. Danes should never be allowed to gallop and run for hours on end, as it is thought to cause excess air to become trapped in the abdominal area, resulting in the painful condition of bloat.
 

Health

Great Danes, like most giant dogs, have a fairly slow metabolism. This results in less energy and less food consumption per pound of dog than in small breeds. Great Danes have some health problems that are common to large breeds, including gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) (a painful distending and twisting of the stomach). This is a critical condition that can affect Great Danes and other deep-chested breeds, and which may cause death if not quickly addressed. Drinking large amounts of fluid in a short period of time can provoke GDV in Great Danes, as well as other larger breeds of dogs. It is a commonly recommended practice for Great Danes to have their stomachs tacked (Gastropexy) to the right abdominal wall if the dog or its relatives have a history of GDV, though some veterinary surgeons will not do the operation if the actual sickness has not occurred. New studies have shown that elevated food bowls do not help abate bloating, like first believed. When the bowl is elevated, the dog can eat faster, and therefore swallow more air, so new studies suggest that leaving the food on the ground will help the dog eat slower. Another opportunity could be to spread the food on the ground or on the grass.  Refraining from exercise or activity immediately before and after meals may also reduce risk, although this has not been validated with research. Signs that GDV may have occurred include, but are not limited to, visible distension (enlargement of the abdomen) and repeated retching that resembles repetitive non-productive attempts to vomit. GDV is a condition that is distinct from another condition referred to as bloat; though, bloat may precede the development of GDV. GDV is a surgical emergency; immediate veterinary evaluation should be sought if a dog demonstrates signs of this condition.

Life Span 


The average life span of Great Danes are 6 to 8 years

FCI Official Name:	Deutsche Dogge
AKC Name:	Great Dane
Other Names:	Dane, Gentle Giant
Country of Origin:	Germany
FCI Classification:	Group 2: Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid breeds - Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs and other breeds. Section 2.1: Molossoid breeds, Mastiff type. Without working trial.
Utilization:	Companion, watch and guard dog
AKC Classification:	Working Group
Personality:	Friendly, loving and devoted to his owners, specially to the children. Reserved towards strangers. Required is a confident, fearless, easily tractable, docile companion and family dog with high resistance to provocation and without aggression.
Size Category:	Large
Height:	28-32 inches
Colors:	Fawn (grey fawn, blue fawn, isabella (cream) or sooty fawn color); brindle (basic color silver blue or isabella); Harlequin (blue-grey ticked basic color with large fawn-grey or blue-grey parts in the patches); black (fawn, brown or blue-black color); blue (fawn or black-blue color)
Average Litter Size:	8
Life Span:	7-10 years
Grooming Requirements:	Their short, dense coat requires minimum of attention.
Shedding:	Despite their short coat, Great Danes shed much more than you might think. In fact, they shed all the time.
Social skills:	Great Danes usually are OK with other pets, but supervision is recommended.
Suitability for Children:	Very good with children, but do not leave younger children alone with a Great Dane.
Exercise Needs:	Although Great Dane can be somewhat active and needs a period of exercise each day to stay fit, the Great Dane is a great house dog. They need less exercise than their size might indicate.
Train Ability:	Great Dane can be dominant. A professional trainer is recommended. This dog may be unsuitable for inexperienced or timid dog owners.
Health & Behavior Issues:	Hip dysplasia, bloat, bone cancer, heart diseases, and tumors.

 

Dalmatian

Dalmatian

General

The Dalmatian  is a breed of dog whose roots are often said to trace back to Dalmatia, a region of Croatia where the first illustrations of the dog have been found. The Dalmatian is noted for its unique black- or brown-spotted coat and was mainly used as a carriage dog in its early days. Today, this dog remains a well loved family pet and many dog enthusiasts enter their pets into the competitions of many kennel clubs.

The Dalmatian is one of the most famous breeds in the world and need little description. The puppies are born pure white - the dark spots do not appear until the third week of life. The spots may be either black or liver brown. For show purposes, the best dogs are those in which the individual spots are clearly separated from one another and do not run together in irregular blotches. In the old days, the ears were nearly always cropped, but today this practice is outlawed.

 Dogs bearing a likeness to Dalmatians have been noticed on ancient Egyptian engravings. Historical evidence suggests that the breed originated in the Mediterranean region and especially in the neighborhood of the Dalmatian coast of the Adriatic Sea. The Dalmatian breed is thought to be developed by crossing small Harlequin Great Danes with pointer dogs.

This dog is known as a working dog and craves exercise or long working days. They never run out of energy and for this reason they are not recommended for a family with young children or families with a sedentary lifestyle. In America Dalmatians are commonly associated with fireman because they were often used as search and rescue dogs in fires.

The outline of a Dalmatian is very similar to a pointer. Dalmatians come in many different temperaments from withdrawn to aggressive. Since one-third of all Dalmatians are deaf, prospective buyers should purchase puppies only from breeders who use the BAER test to check for deafness. The test can be done when the puppies are seven weeks old and is the only sure way to tell if a puppy is deaf. Dalmatian puppies are born all white and begin to develop their spots by ten to fourteen days.

Origins

The FCI recognized as its country of origin the region of Dalmatia in the Republic of Croatia, citing Bewick's 1792 work.

The Republic of Croatia was recognized by the F.C.I. as the country of origin of the Dalmatian; the breed had been developed and cultivated chiefly in England. When the dog with the distinctive markings was first shown in England in 1862 it was said to have been used as a guard dog and companion to the nomads of Dalmatia. But nothing is definitely known about its origin. The breed's unique coat became popular and widely distributed over the continent of Europe beginning in 1920. Its unusual markings were often mentioned by the old writers on cynology

Body

Dalmatians are a mid-sized, well defined, muscular dog with excellent endurance and stamina. When full grown, these dogs' weight normally ranges between 35 to 70 pounds (16 to 32 kg) and they stand anywhere from 19 to 24 inches (48 to 61 cm), with males usually slightly larger than females.The body is as long from forechest to buttocks as it is tall at the withers, and shoulders are laid back. The Dalmatians' feet are round with well arched toes and nails are usually white or the same color as the dog's spots. Their thin ears taper towards the tip and set fairly high and close to the head. Eye color varies between brown, amber, or blue with some dogs having one blue eye and one brown eye, or other combinations.

Temperament

Dalmatians are intelligent, playful, loyal and active dogs. They usually get along well with other animals, notably horses, and are great companions. Dalmatians are high energy dogs and love to play and romp outdoors, although they also enjoy lounging with their owners. Some dogs, if cooped up, can become aggressive and some have been known to attack smaller breeds of dog when attempting to 'play' with them. In most cases this only shows up in a tendency to bark, often just for play. If shown love and companionship from a young age Dalmatians will be loyal and affectionate

Uses

The Dalmatian is often used as a rescue dog, guardian, athletic partner, and most often an active family member. Dalmatians are a very active, high maintenance breed. Pet owners should be willing to put extra time and effort into the care of this dog versus others. Dalmatians normally have a big appetite and will eat whatever is put in front of them so pet owners should carefully control food intake.This fun loving breed is very easily trained and rarely aggressive, and owners should find it relatively simple to train their dogs to participate in activities such as jogging, horse back riding, agility, flyball, and common dog tricks. Dalmatians need plenty of exercise otherwise they may develop anxieties, but if given ample room to run and romp 30 to 40 minutes daily this should be sufficient

Litter size

Dalmatians usually have litters of less than 10 pups, but they have been known to have larger litters on occasion. In January 2009 a Dalmatian gave birth to the massive brood, 18 puppies and all were healthy.

Health

Like other breeds, Dalmatians display a propensity towards certain health problems. Hip dysplasia (which affects only 4.6% of purebred Dalmatians) is not a major issue in this breed. The Dalmatian Club of America lists the average lifespan of a Dalmatian at between 11 and 13 years, although some can live as long as 15 to 16 years. Breed health surveys in the US and UK shows an average lifespan of 9.9 years and 11.55 year respectively. In their late teens, both males and females may suffer bone spurs and arthritic conditions. Autoimmune thyroiditis is a relatively common condition for the breed affecting 10.4% of dogs.

Country of Origin:	Dalmatia, Croatian Republic
FCI Classification:	Group 6 - Scenthounds and related breeds Section 3 Related breeds
Utilization:	Companion dog, family dog, suitable to be trained for various purposes.
AKC Classification:	Non-Sporting Group
Personality:	Outgoing and friendly, not shy nor hesitant, free from nervousness and aggression. Intelligent and outgoing with a desire to please. Dals enjoy human companionship a lot and get very distressed when left alone for long hours. They will bark only for a good reason.
Size:	Medium
Height:	22-24 inches at shoulders
Colors:	Ground color pure white. Black spotted variety with dense black spots, liver spotted variety with liver brown spots; not running together but round, well defined and well distributed; size 2-3 cm in diameter. Spots on head, tail and extremities smaller.
Other Names:	FCI Official Name: Dalmatinac; Dal, Spotted Coach-dog, Spotted Dog, Plum Pudding Dog, Carriage Dog
Average Litter Size:	5
Life Span:	10-12 years
Grooming Requirements:	Dalmatians should be brushed weekly with a grooming glove or rough towel.
Shedding:	Moderate
Social skills:	Usually gets along with other animals, but early socialization is recommended.
Suitable for Children:	Dalmatians love children.
Exercise Needs:	They never run out of energy and should be exercised at least 2 hours a day. Dalmatians love to romp and play. They can be too much for people with sedentary life style.
Train Ability:	They can be trained for a variety of purposes but keep in mind that they respond better to consistent, gentle discipline.
Health & Behavior Issues:	Deafness, skin allergies.

Dachshund

Dachshund

General

Dachshund dog’s ancestors came from Germany. Dachshund in German means “Badger dog”. Dachshund dogs in Germany are often called Teckel or Dackel.

Dachshunds originated from the word meaning Badger Dachs (a type of animal such as squirrels that live underground are usually found in many European countries) and a mean dog Hound Germany. Dachshund dogs are also known as sausage dog in the world because of his long sausage-like. Dachshund dog originally used for hunting but because of the short leg Dachshund dogs often have difficulty to pass through the bushes.The Dachshund name comes from the German words for "badger dog", where they were used to hunt badgers. The special characteristics of the breed such as the long powerful jaw, short powerfull legs for digging, supple skin and courageous attitude were all designed to aid in tunnelling underground after game. Yet today the dachshund does well in a house or apartment, where the short legs insure maximum exercise per mile. The Dachshund is affectionate and responsive, companionable and alert in announcing strangers. The breed has standard and minature sizes and three coat varieties: smooth; wirehaired; and longhaired. The minature size Dachshunds weigh up to 11 pounds; anything over 11 pounds is considered a standard Dachshund. 

Appearance

Dachshund dog has a head which taper uniformly to the tip of the nose. Dachshund dog eyes dark and almond-shaped, with dark rims. Dachshunds have rounded ears and rather long. Dachshund dogs have teeth that are very strong for their size dogs. Dachshund dog has a long neck and muscular body. There are three types of coat: smooth (short), long (long), and wire. Dachshunds have short matel smooth, smooth, shiny coat. Dachshund dogs for fur is not too long so pretty in the brush bristles twice a week.

Temperament 

Dachshunds are very smart dogs. Dachshund is a dog who is very gregarious. Dachshunds require a number of interactions. If the Dachshund is becoming bored, they can be destructive. Bored dachshund has also been known to become aggressive. Socialization for Dachshunds important as obedience training. Dachshunds can also be very demanding if spoiled. Dachshund is a dog who is very loyal and loving to their owners. Dachshunds are a very nice dog, and love to play. Dachshunds are a very brave dog. Dachshunds do not hesitate to attack animals larger than his body.

Health Issues

Dachshunds are prone to spinal disc problems, also known as Dachshund paralysis. This is due to a very long column of vertebrae and ribs are very short. Dachshund dogs are also prone to heart disease, urinary tract problems and diabetes. Being overweight also puts additional strain on the back of Dachshunds.

Country of Origin:	Germany
FCI Classification:	Group 4 - Dachshunds
Utilization:	Hunting dog above and below ground
AKC Classification:	Hound Group
Personality:	Friendly by nature, neither nervous nor aggressive, with even temperament. Passionate, persevering and fast hunting dog with an excellent nose.
Size:	Small
Height:	7-10 inches at shoulders
Colors:	Solid red of various shades; black with tan spots and black nose and nails; chocolate with tan spots and brown nose. In addition to a variety of colors, Dachshunds can also have patterns. The dapple pattern is characterized by lighter markings in contrast with the darker base color. A "double" dapple is one in which different amounts of white coloring occur over the body in addition to the dapple pattern.
Other Names:	Daxie, Dachsie, Doxie, Sausage Dog
Average Litter Size:	4
Life Span:	10-15 years
Grooming Requirements:	The longhaired Dachshunds need to be combed once a week, the smooth and wirehaired coat varieties need weekly brushing.
Shedding:	Little. Smooth and wirehaired coat Dachshunds shed more than longhaired.
Social skills:	If properly socialized, they get along with other animals, but can be scrappy toward other dogs. They do very well in pairs. Many of them have a very strong prey drive and will chase cats.
Suitability for Children:	Daxies are generally good with children if brought up with them and treated with respect. If you have young children, the standard Dachshund is your best choice. It will be better able to cope with active youngsters than the more delicate miniature. A bold, outgoing dog will also be happy in a rough and tumble play, noise and excitement that goes with children and their friends.
Exercise Needs:	Daxies need 20-40 minutes walk daily, preferably twice a day. This will keep them in good shape and prevent obesity in older pets. It is a good idea to keep Dachshunds away from large steps or furniture until they are fully developed and even then this should not be encouraged as the back is liable to injury by over stretching muscles because of its length.
Train Ability:	Being notorious for their difficulty to house train, they can be very stubborn and need early obedience training.

Pomeranian

Genaral

The Pomeranian (often known as a Pom) is a breed of dog of the Spitz type, named for the Pomerania region in Central Europe (today part of eastern Germany and northern Poland).

Believed to have descended from wolf-spitz type dogs, the Pomeranian shares the same ancestors with the other arctic breeds such as the Samoyed and Keeshond which were used to work as guard and sledge animals, however the smallest were kept as companions. They were established as a breed in the eighteenth century after they drew the interest of the English monarchy and upon her marriage to King George 111, Queen Charlotte brought large white Pomeranians to England in 1761.  It was not until Queen Victoria's reign that this breed became one of the most popular toy breeds and the 9 to 13.6 kg dogs of Queen Charlotte's time now weigh 5.5.kg.

Temperament

They make a delightful family member with their extroverted and lively demeanor, this dog is very intelligent.  However, owing to their small size and high energy level, they are not recommended for families with young children. Suitable for apartment dwellers who are prepared to exercise their dog on a regular basis they also make loyal and intelligent companions for the elderly.

 

Appearance

Height:   18–28cm  (7-11in)

Weight:      2-4kgs  (4-9lbs)

Their eyes which are most often small and almond-shaped, can be round and large as well.  With their heavily plumed tail, they are usually a solid colour, but may have black shadings or may be parti-coloured.

These small, compact, alert and dainty dogs display great glamour with their crowning glory, a dense, double coat, made up of long, harsh, standoff guard hairs and a soft woolly undercoat.

Grooming

They do not require as much grooming as some of the other long haired breeds but be prepared to brush your dog at least two or three times a week if not more.  Grooming time should be enjoyed by both your Pomeranian and yourself. Extra brushing will be required when your dog is shedding its coat and the dead coat must be removed as soon as possible to allow the new coat to come through ensuring that all loose hair be removed or the result will be horrible mats which may have to be removed by clipping if let go too far. If you don't have the time to bath or groom your dog, your local dog grooming salon provides these services.

Life Expectancy

10-12 Years

 
Health Concerns

This sturdy little dog suffers from few health problems with the major problem occasionally being found in many of the "toy" breeds being patella luxation, or slipping kneecaps.  Collapsing trachea is a another problem that may be found in this breed and an affected Pomeranian may make a sound like a honking noise when excited or they may cough as if something is stuck in there throat.  Coat loss problems which also can affect them is often referred to as black skin disease which can be derived by many things such as Hypothyroidism or low thyroid, cushings disease, eczema, mites and fungus infections. Entropian or ingrown eyelashes can occasionally occur in the Pomeranian breed. Merle colored dogs may suffer from mild to severe deafness, increased intraocular pressure, ametropia, microphthalmia and colobomas. Merle dogs born from parents who are also both merles may additionally suffer from abnormalities of the skeletal, cardiac and reproductive systems.

 
Suitability

Equally happy occupied in a city apartment or on the country farmstead, they are great for novice owners, and are good with older, more considerate children.  Being very intelligent dogs they will respond well to obedience training and make loyal companions who are protective of their owners and surprisingly enough make good watchdogs as they are generally not frightened of even the largest dog.  Often being used in obedience competitions, as hearing assistance dogs and search and rescue dogs, they equally make excellent therapy dogs, and can do wonders when visiting local nursing homes or hospitals or by consoling sick family members and friends.

Dog Size and Average Life Expectancy

The Pomeranian has a minimum height of 5 inches and a maximum height of 11 inches, which is 47.3% shorter than the average for all Dog Breeds. The Pomeranian tends to weigh between 4 pounds and 7.7 pounds, which is 87.3% lighter than the average for all Dog Breeds. The Pomeranian is expected to live between 12 years and 16 years, which is significantly more than the average for all Dog Breeds. 

Size and Life Expectancy

Minimum Height                     5 inches

Maximum Height                    11 inches

Minimum Weight                    4 pounds

 Maximum Weight                  7.7 pounds

Minimum (Life Expectancy)    12 years

 Maximum (Life Expectancy)  16 years

Origin

 

Germany, Poland 

 

Colors 

Black and tan, brindle, particolor, brown, light or dark blue, gray, red/orange, cream/sable/white

  

Bulldog

General

Most people know a bulldog when they see one, even if there are no bulls anywhere around.  That's because bulldogs have those smooshed-up faces and all those wrinkles that make them look different from most other dogs.  There are actually several kinds of bulldogs besides the English Bulldog, like for example the American Bulldog, Olde English Bulldogge, and the French Bulldog.  But I am only going to talk about the English Bulldog today.Bulldogs are very stocky dogs, with wide shoulders and a wide head.  They have thick folds of skin on their brows, and over their muzzles they have another fold of skin called a "rope."  The skin under the neck is loose, and their lips are droopy. 

History

The term "Bulldog" was first mentioned in literature around 1500, the oldest spelling of the word being Bondogge and Bolddogge. The first reference to the word with the modern spelling is dated 1631 or 1632 in a letter by a man named Preswick Eaton where he writes: "procuer mee two good Bulldogs, and let them be sent by ye first shipp". The name "bull" was applied because of the dog's use in the sport of bull baiting. This entailed the setting of dogs (after placing wagers on each dog) onto a tethered bull. The dog that grabbed the bull by the nose and pinned it to the ground would be the victor. It was common for a bull to maim or kill several dogs at such an event, either by goring, tossing or trampling. Over the centuries dogs used for bull-baiting developed the stocky bodies and massive heads and jaws which typify the breed as well as a ferocious and savage temperament. Bull-baiting - along with bear-baiting - reached the peak of their popularity in England in the early 1800s until they were both made illegal by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835. This amended the existing legislation to protect animals from mistreatment and included (as 'cattle') bulls, dogs, bears and sheep, so that bull and bear-baiting as well as cockfighting became prohibited. Therefore, the Old English Bulldog had outlived its usefulness in England as a sporting animal and its active or 'working' days were numbered. However, emigrants did have a use for such dogs in the New World. In mid-17th century New York, Bulldogs were used as a part of a city-wide round-up effort led by governor Richard Nicolls. Because cornering and leading wild bulls was dangerous, Bulldogs were trained to seize a bull by its nose long enough for a rope to be secured around its neck. Bulldogs as pets were continually promoted by dog dealer Bill George.

Despite slow maturation so that growing up is rarely achieved by two and a half years, bulldogs lives are relatively short and at five to six years of age they are starting to show signs of aging.

In time, the original old English Bulldog was crossed with the pug. The outcome was a shorter, wider dog with a brachycephalic skull. Though today's Bulldog looks tough, he cannot perform the job he was originally created for as he cannot withstand the rigors of running and being thrown by a bull, and also cannot grip with such a short muzzle.

The oldest single breed specialty club is The Bulldog Club (England), which was formed in 1878. Members of this club met frequently at the Blue Post pub on Oxford Street in London. There they wrote the first standard of perfection for the breed. In 1891 the two top Bulldogs, Orry and Dockleaf, competed in a contest to see which dog could walk the farthest. Orry was reminiscent of the original Bulldogs, lighter boned and very athletic. Dockleaf was smaller and heavier set, more like modern Bulldogs. Dockleaf was declared the winner that year. Although some argued that the older version of the Bulldog was more fit to perform, the modern version’s looks won over the fans of the breed because they proved they were equally as fit and athletic in the walking competition.

At the turn of the 20th century, Ch. Rodney Stone became the first Bulldog to command a price of $5000 when he was bought by controversial Irish-American political figure Richard Croker.

Life Span 

English Bulldogs live about 7-11 years.

Health Issues

Some of the health issues they might have are heart problems, cancer, allergies, cherry eye, hip dysplasia, and luxating patellas.  More than 80% of bulldog litters are delivered by Cesarean section because of how big the puppies' heads are.  The folds on the bulldog's face need to be cleaned every day to make sure there are no infections there.

Appearance

The Bulldog is a breed with characteristically wide head and shoulders along with a pronounced mandibular prognathism. There are generally thick folds of skin on a Bulldog's brow; round, black, wide-set eyes; a short muzzle with characteristic folds called "rope" above the nose; hanging skin under the neck; drooping lips and pointed teeth. The coat is short, flat and sleek, with colors of red, fawn, white, brindle (mixed colors, often in waves or irregular stripes), and piebald.

In the US, a typical mature male weighs approximately 55-60 pounds. Mature females weigh in at approximately 45 pounds. In the United Kingdom, the breed standards are 55 pounds for a male and 50 pounds for a female.

Bulldogs are one of the few breeds whose tail is naturally short and curled and thus is not cut or docked as with some other breeds.

Temperament

Despite their famous "sourpuss" expression, Bulldogs are generally docile and tractable. However, they can move very quickly over short distances. Bulldogs do not need a lot of physical exercise, so they are well-suited for living in apartments and other urban environments. They are friendly and gregarious, but occasionally willful. The phrase "stubborn as a Bulldog" may derive from observing an agitated Bulldog. They rank 78th out of 80 in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, holding the lowest degree of working/obedience intelligence.

According to the American Kennel Club (AKC) a Bulldog's "disposition should be equable and kind, resolute and courageous (not vicious or aggressive), and demeanor should be pacific and dignified. These attributes should be countenanced by the expression and behavior."

Breeders have worked to reduce/remove aggression from these dogs, and as such, the Bulldog is known to be of good temperament. Some, particularly males, may not get along with other dogs or strangers but most have a friendly, patient nature. Generally, Bulldogs are known for getting along well with children, other dogs, and pets. They can be so attached to home and family that they will not venture out of the yard without a human companion and are more likely to sleep on someone's lap than chase a ball around the yard.